Storage of irradiated human blood; a source of error in quantitative chromosome analysis

Summary Human whole blood was irradiated with 2.5 Gy of 220 kVp X-rays and stored before culture with 9.7 M BrdU and 19.4 or 38.7 M BrdU for 0, 24, 48 and 72 h. The frequency of dicentrics and ring chromosomes was determined in cells staining as first division (M1) metaphases with the fluorescence plus Giemsa technique. Storage had no influence on the observed aberration yields in 44 h cultures containing 9.7 M BrdU. In 66 h cultures at 19.4 M BrdU the observed yields after 2 and 3 days' storage were significantly lower as compared to cultures from fresh blood. No storage effect was revealed in 66 h cultures containing 38.7 M BrdU. In cases where cytogenetic radiation dosimetry has to be carried out using blood samples which have been in transit for 2–3 days, the findings are of relevance for a correct determination of the chromosome damage in M1 cells.     

硅胶破碎法抽提真菌染色体DNA

在进行基因组步行PCR克隆真菌木聚糖酶基因的研究中,探索并建立了一套可在普通分子生物学实验室采用的高得率、高质量真菌染色体DNA的抽提方法.采用液氮研磨和硅胶破碎相结合提高染色体DNA得率,采用亚精胺法纯化提高DNA的纯度.抽提的染色体DNA用琼脂糖凝胶电泳、限制酶切、PCR反应及紫外吸收光谱等方法进行了鉴定,结果显示此方法可以获得分子量大、样品纯的染色体DNA,可有效地用于PCR扩增,并能被限制酶有效地消化.     

真空对洋葱(Allium cepa L.)根尖间期细胞和分裂期细胞的影响初探(I)

初步研究了真空对洋葱(Allium Cepa L.)根尖细胞的影响.证明真空对离水的洋葱根尖间期细胞和分裂期细胞的结构及行为有显著作用.材料经过真空处理后,有的细胞核出芽-形成核上小核;有的细胞核分解,形成数个微核或云雾状;染色体出现各种畸变(如:缺失、断片、染色体环、??着丝点、无着丝点);染色体数目亦有变化;有丝分裂时不均等分裂、落后染色体和染色体桥很多.实验结果表明:真空对间期细胞和分裂期细胞的结构及行为的影响与真空处理时间成正相关.t检验表明:p??0.001,说明真空处理组与对照组有显著差异.     

聚焦偏转复合系统的相对论渐近象差的合成

本文导出了聚焦偏转复合系统的相对论渐近几何象差及渐近色差的合成公式，其中象差系统不含高于二阶的导数并且没有发散项．     

中国雨蛙的染色体多样性研究

本文研究了云南大理产的中国雨蛙的核型，并分析了4个地理居群中国雨蛙的核型，结果表明，不同地理居群具有相同的染色体数目和核型模式，即为2n=24，NF＝48，核模式6＋6，但中国雨蛙不同居群之间在SM数目和顺，次缢痕或随体的位置等都有所不同，说明不同地理居群的中国雨蛙的染色体具有丰富的多样性。     

中华稻蝗种群遗传关系研究

对我国中华稻蝗若干种群进行了基于形态分类学重要特征、染色体C带核型和RAPD分子标记的种群遗传学关系研究.结果表明,我国中华稻蝗从形态上来看东部沿海种群体型较大,前翅较长,尾须较钝,而内陆及东北种群则体型较小,前翅较短,尾须较尖;但从外生殖器基本结构来看,不同种群具有相似的形态特征.其次,不同种群在染色体数目、着丝粒位置以及C带带型等方面具有明显恒定的结构特点.从RAPD分子标记研究结果来看,不同种群拥有明显一致的分子标记数据.由此可见,我国中华稻蝗是稻蝗属中一个广布物种,其外部形态结构的差异可能与其分布地环境条件相适应,然而其外生殖器结构能够反映物种的基本特征.从种群遗传学角度来看,染色体带型结构和分子标记结果的稳定性更能体现物种遗传结构的本质,因此,文章支持Ho llis将无齿稻蝗等合并入中华稻蝗的主张.     

利用SSR标记检测渗入普通小麦的冰草遗传物质

以日本普通小麦品种Fukuhokomugi为母本，以冰草（Agropyron cristaturn L．）为父本远缘杂交的后代再与其他普通小麦品种（系）杂交选育出8个遗传背景较复杂的小麦一冰草衍生种质材料。选取332对可扩增出冰草Z559特征带型的SSR引物，以8个小麦一冰草衍生材料及其所有亲本为模板进行PCR扩增。结果发现，13对SSR引物可分别在参试的所有8个小麦一冰草衍生材料中扩增出冰草z559的特异PCR产物，说明在这些材料中都含有冰草的外源染色体片段，即四倍体冰草Z559的遗传物质已经转移到了普通小麦的遗传背景中。     

植物染色体易位研究进展

本文从染色体易位的发现开始,综述了国内外学者对植物染色体易位的研究进展。主要叙述了应用易位原理来进行育种研究以及其所取得的成果,从而说明易位不仅是一种染色体畸变现象,而且可作为一种研究手段,在对遗传学理论、生物进化、诱变育种等研究中都具有重要的价值。     

The protective effect of thiola against the genotoxic action of benzo(a)pyrene

Summary The protective effect of Thiola against the genotoxicity, induced by benzo(a)pyrene, in vitro and in vivo, was investigated. By association of Thiola to benzo(a)pyrene a significant decrease of the numerical and structural chromosome aberrations and a reduction of the incidence of c-mitoses has been obtained in human diploid cells, i.e. human embryonic lung fibroblasts of the cell-line ICP-23, and C₅₆Bl/6 mouse bone marrow cells.     

Induction of chromosomal aberrations by the anthracycline antitumor antibiotics N,N-dimethyldaunomycin and aclacinomycin A

Summary The clastogenic effect of the anthracycline antitumor antibiotics, N,N-dimethyldaunomycin and aclacinomycin A, was studied in a murine hemopoietic cell line (Friend leukemia cells). A dose-dependent increase in chromatid lesions, i.e., achromatic lesions, chromatid breaks, chromatid deletions and triradial or quadriradial chromosomal exchange figures, was found. It appears that the clastogenicity of N,N-dimethyldaunomycin and aclacinomycin A is lower than that of the classic anthracycline, daunomycin, which is also a potent mutagen and carcinogen. The data demonstrate that the capacity of chemicals to induce point mutations and chromosomal aberrations may not necessarily be correlated: aclacinomycin A is devoid of mutagenic activity in bacterial (Salmonella typh.) and mammalian cell (HGPRT) mutagenesis assays, and is non-carcinogenic in rats. Nevertheless, it was now found to possess clastogenic activity.